Cartography Vocabulary Chapter 2

Answer the following questions on the class answer forms. On the line for Course write Cartography and put your name where indicated. For Assignment, write Vocabulary and for Chapter write 2. Thank you.

1. The acronym GPS stands for: (a) Geographic Projection Standards; (b) Geographic Positioning Standards; (c) Global Positioning System; (d) Geologic and Petrologic Survey; (e) Geographic Pole Site.
2. A line on the earth that intersects every meridian at the same angle and theoretically never reaches the pole is called a(n): (a) loxodrome; (b) rhumb line; (c) great circle arc; (d) geoid; (e) BOTH A and B.
3. The French mathematician whose early studies of algebra and geometry led to analytic geometry was: (a) Clarke; (b) Sauer; (c) Newton; (d) Descartes; (e) Eratosthenes.
4. The imaginary line of the earth's coordinate system that is formed by passing a plane through the center of the earth perpendicular to the axis of rotation and midway between the poles is the: (a) axis; (b) loxodrome; (c) Prime Meridian; (d) GRS80; (e) equator.
5. The science that measures the size and shape of the earth which often involves measurement of the external gravitational field of the earth is: (a) photogrammetry; (b) geodesy; (c) cartology; (d) pedology; (e) hydrology.
6. The spherical coordinate system used for the determination of location on the earth's surface is called the: (a) geoid; (b) digitizing; (c) geographic grid; (d) chronometer; (e) sexagesimal.
7. Meridians and parallels on the map are called the: (a) graticule; (b) geoid; (c) marine chronometer; (d) scale factor; (e) GPS.
8. A system of 21 orbiting satellites that transmit locational information to ground-based receivers is a(n): (a) GPS; (b) USGS; (c) NOAA; (d) cartesian coordinate geometry; (e) pattern of deformation.
9. The Greek scholar living in Alexandria who first accurately measured the size of the earth was: (a) Albers; (b) Bode; (c) Clarke; (d) Descartes; (e) Eratosthenes.
10. Any circles on the spherical surface that are not great circles such as parallels are called: (a) geoids; (b) small circles; (c) ellipsoid; (d) sexigesimal; (e) nominal scales.
11. The reduced model of the spherical earth from which projections are constructed is called the: (a) reference globe; (b) nominal globe; (c) generating globe; (d) ALL of these; (e) NONE of these.
12. The mathematical construct that yields the quantitative indices of distortion at points on map projections is called: (a) Tissot's indicatrix; (b) the Clarke ellipsoid of 1866; (c) GRS80; (d) GPS; (e) marine chronometer.
13. The scale of the reference globe expressed as a representation fraction is called the: (a) nominal scale; (b) defined scale; (c) scale factor; (d) BOTH A and B; (e) NONE of these.
14. An extremely accurate timepiece used to determine longitude which was first perfected by John Harrison in 1761 is called a(n): (a) antipodal point; (b) loxodrome; (c) geoid; (d) marine chronometer; (e) ellipsoid.
15. The distribution of distortion over a projection which customarily increases away from point or line(s) of tangency of plane to sphere is called the: (a) minimum error projection; (b) projection aspect; (c) pattern of deformation; (d) GRS80; (e) ellipsoid.
16. The term used to describe the shape of the earth meaning "earth-shaped" and which does not refer to a mathematical model is: (a) geoid; (b) ellipsoid; (c) graticule; (d) loxodrome; (e) sexagesimal.
17. A great circle of the earth's geographical coordinate system formed by passing a plane through the axis of rotation forming a north-south running line and used to measure east-west is a(n): (a) loxodrome; (b) parallel; (c) meridian; (d) ellipsoid; (e) geographic grid.
18. Meridians measure as high as: (a) 15°; (b) 45°; (c) 90° (d) 180°; (e) 360°.
19. The longitude of the Prime Meridian is: (a) 0°; (b) 90°; (c) 180°; (d) 360°; (e) NONE of these
20. The longitude of the International Dateline is BEST considered: (a) 180°W; (b) 180°E; (c) 180°; (d) 360°; (e) BOTH A and B.
21. The imaginary line around which the earth rotates is the: (a) ellipsoid; (b) geoid; (c) axis of rotation; (d) loxodrome; (e) antipodal point.
22. A meridian adopted by most countries as the point of origin for determination of east or west longitude which passes through the British Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England is called the: (a) equator; (b) antipodal point; (c) GRS80; (d) prime meridian; (e) nominal scale.
23. A geometrical solid developed by the rotation of a plane ellipse about its minor axis is a(n): (a) antipodal point; (b) geoid; (c) loxodrome; (d) geodesy; (e) ellipsoid.
24. The projection customarily used for small-scale mapping of the United States which is a good selection for mapping any earth area at mid-latitude with considerable east-west extent is the: (a) Albers conical equal-area; (b) Tissot's indicatrix; (c) Clarke ellipsoid of 1866; (d) Mercator; (e) GRS80.
25. The angular position north or south of the equator is the: (a) loxodrome; (b) latitude; (c) longitude; (d) antipodal point; (e) scale factor.
26. The highest latitude possible is: (a) 15°; (b) 45°; (c) 90°; (d) 180°; (e) 360°.
27. The Geodetic Reference System reference ellipsoid used by the U.S. in the NAD83 datum is the: (a) GPS; (b) GRS80; (c) antipodal point; (d) Clark ellipsoid of 1866; (e) Tissot's indicatrix.
28. The spherical coordinate system used for determination of location on the earth's surface is BEST called the: (a) cartesian coordinate geometry; (b) developable projection; (c) ellipsoid; (d) geographic grid; (e) scale factor
29. Transforming spatial elements of a map or other two dimensional images into x- and y-coordinates of cartesian space is BEST called: (a) anchoring; (b) programming; (c) compiling; (d) digitizing; (e) encrypting.
30. The system of numbering that proceeds in increments of 60 such as in the division of a circle or time is called: (a) sexagesimal; (b) nominal scale; (c) scale factor; (d) cartesian coordinate geometry; (e) digitizing.
31. A segment of a great circle that is the shortest distance between two points on the spherical surface is BEST called a(n): (a) small circle; (b) graticule; (c) great circle arc; (d) developable projection; (e) ellipsoid.
32. A projection that has no equivalency, conformality, azimuthality, or equidistance which is chosen for its overall utility and distinctive characteristics is BEST called: (a) projection aspect; (b) minimum error; (c) GRS80; (d) GPS; (e) ellipsoid.
33. The position east or west of the prime meridian or the meridian passing through the location is called the: (a) loxodrome; (b) latitude; (c) longitude; (d) azimuth; (e) geoid.
34. A small circle of the earth's geographical coordinate system formed by passing a plane through the earth parallel to the equator is a(n): (a) loxodrome; (b) ellipsoid; (c) geoid; (d) parallel; (e) meridian.
35. The position of the projected graticule relative to the ordinary position of the geographical grid on the earth is the: (a) antipodal point; (b) ellipsoid; (c) sexagesimal; (d) Tissot's indicatrix; (e) projection aspect.
36. A reference ellipsoid used by the U.S. and other countries of North America is the: (a) Clarke ellipsoid of 1866; (b) sexagesimal; (c) loxodrome; (d) marine chronometer; (e) GPS.
37. Lines or points with a scale factor of 1.0 when transformed from the spherical surface to the plane surface or that have no distortion are described as being: (a) standard; (b) loxodrome; (c) nominal; (d) geoid; (e) developable.
38. The ratio of scale of the projection to the scale of the reference globe is the: (a) sexagesimal; (b) small circle; (c) scale factor; (d) antipodal point; (e) graticule.
39. The imaginary line forming the earth's axis of rotation intersects the earth's surface at two locations and forms a line that points off to space in the directions called: (a) geographic north and south; (b) the antipodal points; (c) the loxodromes; (d) the GPS; (e) the GRS80.
40. A projection that has no areal deformation and cannot be conformal is BEST termed: (a) equal-area; (b) equivalent; (c) graticule; (d) geoid; (e) BOTH A and B
41. The systematic arrangement of the earth's spherical or geographic coordinate system onto a plane involving a transformation process is a(n): (a) loxodrome; (b) map projection; (c) sexagesimal; (d) scale factor; (e) geoid.
42. A projection that can be constructed using the ordinary means of the draftsperson and the principles of projective geometry is BEST termed: (a) antipodal; (b) sexagesimal; (c) loxodrome; (d) developable; (e) ellipsoid.
43. A projection that preserves correct linear relationships between a point and several other points or between two points which cannot show correct linear distance between all points to all other points is BEST termed: (a) antipodal; (b) geodetic; (c) conformal; (d) equivalent; (e) equidistant.
44. The point on the opposite side of the earth is termed the: (a) loxodrome; (b) GPS; (c) GRS80; (d) antipodal point; (e) geodesy.
45. A system of intersecting perpendicular lines in place space useful in analytical geometry and the precise specification of location is BEST termed: (a) developable projection; (b) marine chronometer; (c) cartesian coordinate geometry; (d) Tissot's indicatrix; (e) projection aspect.
46. The projection that preserves angular relationships at points during the transformation process which cannot be equal area is BEST called: (a) conformal; (b) orthomorphic; (c) azimuthal; (d) equidistant; (e) BOTH A and B
47. The projection that has the directions from the center to all points correct is BEST called: (a) azimuthal; (b) zenithal; (c) conformal; (d) equivalent; (e) BOTH A and B.